Nε-(1-Carboxymethyl)-L-lysine (CML) is an advanced glycation end product (AGE), produced by the oxidative modification of glycated proteins during oxidative stress. Levels of CML increase with aging and during diabetes, cancer, vascular disease, and other pathologies marked by oxidative stress. CML activates the membrane-bound receptor for AGEs (RAGE), triggering signaling through MAPKs and NF-κB, whereas truncation of RAGE produces a soluble protein that binds CML and reduces signaling.

＞95%