H2-M

Rat IgG1, κ

Recombinant H2-DM protein

H2-M, also known as H2-DM, is a non-classical MHC class II molecule in antigen-presenting cells. H2-M and CD74 (Ii) are critical components of the antigen-processing pathway of the classical MHC class II molecules. Like classical MHC class II molecules, non-classical MHC molecules have limited polymorphism. There are two isoforms of H2-M, αβ1 and αβ2, encoded by the H2-DMa gene and either H2-DMb1 or H2-DMb2, respectively. The 2E5A antibody reacts with H2-M αβ2 dimers (the predominant form transcribed in the mouse spleen), but not αβ1 dimers. H2-M dimers (both isoforms) are integral proteins of lysomal membranes, where they catalyze the release of CLIP (class II-associated Ii peptide) from the peptide-binding groove of classical MHC class II dimers and stabilize the open binding site to allow loading  of exogenous peptides. They also may facilitate the selection of high-affinity antigenic peptides by allowing the dissociation of poorly fitting non-CLIP peptides to be exchanged for higher affinity peptides. This peptide-exchange function of H2-M is essential for the intrathymic development of the repertoire of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the maturation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. H2-M is believed to be expressed in all cells which express classical MHC class II molecules, including peripheral B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, thymic cortical epithelium, and some tumor cell lines. Its level of expression is at least partially controlled by CD74 (Ii), whereas its functional activity is negatively regulated by another non-classical MHC class II molecule, H2-O.

2E5A H2-M, also known as H2-DM, is a non-classical MHC class II molecule in antigen-presenting cells. H2-M and CD74 (Ii) are critical components of the antigen-processing pathway of the classical MHC class II molecules. Like classical MHC class II molecules, non-classical MHC molecules have limited polymorphism. There are two isoforms of H2-M, αβ1 and αβ2, encoded by the H2-DMa gene and either H2-DMb1 or H2-DMb2, respectively. The 2E5A antibody reacts with H2-M αβ2 dimers (the predominant form transcribed in the mouse spleen), but not αβ1 dimers. H2-M dimers (both isoforms) are integral proteins of lysomal membranes, where they catalyze the release of CLIP (class II-associated Ii peptide) from the peptide-binding groove of classical MHC class II dimers and stabilize the open binding site to allow loading  of exogenous peptides. They also may facilitate the selection of high-affinity antigenic peptides by allowing the dissociation of poorly fitting non-CLIP peptides to be exchanged for higher affinity peptides. This peptide-exchange function of H2-M is essential for the intrathymic development of the repertoire of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the maturation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. H2-M is believed to be expressed in all cells which express classical MHC class II molecules, including peripheral B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, thymic cortical epithelium, and some tumor cell lines. Its level of expression is at least partially controlled by CD74 (Ii), whereas its functional activity is negatively regulated by another non-classical MHC class II molecule, H2-O.

Rat IgG1, κ

克隆 2E5A (RUO)

0.5 mg/ml

Intracellular staining (flow cytometry) (Routinely Tested), Immunoprecipitation (Reported)

Mouse (QC Testing)

H2-M

H2-DM

Aqueous buffered solution containing ≤0.09% sodium azide.

研发参考(14) 1. Alfonso C, Han JO, Williams GS, Karlsson L. The impact of H2-DM on humoral immune responses. J Immunol. 2001; 167(11):6348-6355. (Biology). 2. Alfonso C, Karlsson L. Nonclassical MHC class II molecules. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000; 18:113-142. (Immunogen). 3. Fung-Leung WP, Surh CD, Liljedahl M, et al. Antigen presentation and T cell development in H2-M-deficient mice. Science. 1996; 271(5253):1278-1281. (Biology). 4. Honey K, Duff M, Beers C, et al. Cathepsin S regulates the expression of cathepsin L and the turnover of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in B lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(25):22573-22578. (Biology). 5. Lang T, Ave P, Huerre M, Milon G, Antoine JC. Macrophage subsets harbouring Leishmania donovani in spleens of infected BALB/c mice: localization and characterization. Cell Microbiol. 2000; 2(5):415-430. (Biology). 6. Lankar D, Vincent-Schneider H, Briken V, Yokozeki T, Raposo G, Bonnerot C. Dynamics of major histocompatibility complex class II compartments during B cell receptor-mediated cell activation. J Exp Med. 2002; 195(4):461-472. (Biology). 7. Liljedahl M, Winqvist O, Surh CD, et al. Altered antigen presentation in mice lacking H2-O. Immunity. 1998; 8(2):233-243. (Biology). 8. Pierre P, Shachar I, Matza D, Gatti E, Flavell RA, Mellman I. Invariant chain controls H2-M proteolysis in mouse splenocytes and dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2000; 191(6):1057-1062. (Biology). 9. Rodgers JR, Levitt JM, Cresswell P, et al. A nomenclature solution to mouse MHC confusion. J Immunol. 1999; 162(10):6294. (Biology). 10. Tompkins SM, Padilla J, Dal Canto MC, Ting JP, Van Kaer L, Miller SD. De novo central nervous system processing of myelin antigen is required for the initiation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol. 2002; 168(8):4173-4183. (Biology). 11. Walter W, Lingnau K, Schmitt E, Loos M, Maeurer MJ. MHC class II antigen presentation pathway in murine tumours: tumour evasion from immunosurveillance. Br J Cancer. 2000; 83(9):1192-1201. (Biology). 12. Walter W, Loos M, Maeurer MJ. Differential expression of alternative H2-M isoforms in B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages by proinflammatory cytokines. Mol Immunol. 1999; 36(11-12):733-743. (Biology). 13. Walter W, Scheuer C, Lingnau K, et al. H2-M, a facilitator of MHC class II peptide loading, and its negative modulator H2-O are differentially expressed in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Immunogenetics. 2000; 51(10):794-804. (Biology). 14. Walter W, Scheuer C, Loos M, Reichert TE, Maeurer MJ. H2-Mbeta 1 and H2-Mbeta 2 heterodimers equally promote clip removal in I-A(q) molecules from autoimmune-prone DBA/1 mice. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276(14):11086-11091. (Biology).